A dream of dream

Before this you must read..
Tea with SP
love, home & bhaiyaaaa...

In the cracking sound of rocket cracker, my nokia mobile bipped, confirming a new sms. Its not other than SP.

See the moon, its sad
trying to come out from cloud
wants to have a look of her dearie
desires to share this night with you

See the moon, its sad

dreams to sit with you
thinks to walk on sand
wants to feel the wave striking your heart
wants to have an unending hug

See the moon ..
it wishes you happy happy Diwali.

I was the happiest man on the earth, desperately wanted to hug her & lost in her

all of sudden a cracker fall near by me & bam.....i awakened found no body on beach, moved to my little cave, where i had an endless dream, where no one, no one except me & her... .....& obviously the moon in cloud, trying to catch the glimpse of two duckies.

mold water hardness

In very high heat transfer rate applications, such as continuous caster mold cooling systems, chromate levels should be maintained at 100-150 ppm maximum. Under these extreme conditions, chromate can accumulate at the grain boundaries on the mold, causing enough insulation to create equipment reliability problems.

pH of the water must be maintained below 9.0.Corrosion rate accelerates at pH levels higher than 9.0 for Cu.

Secondary Steel Making Process

Seconadary Steel making process consists of :

Deoxidation 

Desulfurization 

Clean steels 

Dehydrogenation 

Decarburization 

Alloy addition 

Reheating 

Secondary steel making operations
Secondary steel making involves some of the following options. The selection of which are available in any particular steel making shop depends on the types of steel being made and the availability of space within the factory.

*Stirring
*Lance
1. Bottom porous plug
2. Electromagnetic Stirring (EMS)
*Ladle furnace
*Ladle injection
1. Powder
2. Wire
*Degassing
1. Tank Degasser
2. Stream Degasser
3. RH Degasser
4. DH Degasser
*CAS-OB
*AOD

Why deoxidize?

The oxygen content of liquid steel in the ladle at the start of the secondary steel making process is 400-1000 ppm (0.04 - 0.1%).
The solubility of oxygen in liquid steel is 0.16% but in solid steel it is only 0.003%.
Therefore, steps have to be taken to reduce the oxygen content (deoxidize) of the steel before it solidifies in order to prevent blowhole formation during casting and a porous product being created or large quantities of FeO being precipitated. 

Sources of oxygen

 

Reducing oxygen content

The addition of a strong oxide forming element is the most commonly used method of reducing the oxygen content of liquid steel.
Use the Ellingham diagram to help you decide which of the following may be suitable (cheapest) choices for this.

Deoxidation reactions


Aluminum, silicon and manganese are the most common deoxidisers used in steel making The chemical reactions associated with their use are:

Silicon and manganese are often used in conjunction with one another.

 

Effectiveness of deoxidizers

Equilibrium concentrations of dissolved oxygen under different concentrations of manganese, silicon and aluminum

Steel cleanness

There are a variety of sources of inclusions:

* indigenous (small):
1. deoxidation product and MnS
* exogenous (large)
1. reoxidation (reaction with air or slag)
2. entrainment of slag
3. eroded refractories

Inclusions are formed by chemical reactions (deoxidation, reoxidation and precipitation) or by physical conditions (turbulance or wear).

Effect of inclusions on downstream processing and properties and performance


Most inclusions have a detrimental effect on properties. Solid oxides (alumina or certain calcium aluminates) can cause nozzle blockage during continuous casting and disrupt the process and have to be burnt out. Some inclusions can cause cracking and defects, slivers and delamination in rolled products and also fracture during hot/cold forming and wire drawing.

world war 2 pic

i got a mail of my friend about the pictures of world war 2, how apocalyptic it was, i just want to share with you all.

 

USS Shaw exploding during the attack on Pearl Harbor

 

An F6F Hellcat burning after a crash landing on USS Enterprise (CV-6)

Crying Sudeten woman saluting Hitler, 1938

love, home & bhaiyaaaa...

before this you must read Tea with SP

After having tea at tapri with her, i got a real confidence & she also (not sure) taken interest in me & there after a series of sms & calls & thus hefty bills (haha too much bill ....... of course not it was less than i used &).It was going all ok, meeting at dinner table, then walking together in campus (to reduce weight...... obviously not, she might be..), talking abruptly, nonstop on any rubbish topic. what was that, i never understood.

I never understood as i was with her & the topic were like i would search a girlfriend for you... me a boyfriend for her.what the hell i was doing with her or what she was with me.

The days were going & we were getting close, keeping a seat beside of mine, waiting her for morning tea, befuddling while seeing her as i never seen any female gender with 2 legs, 2 hands,(you can imagine a little more 2), a nose, a mouth.....& so so..

Days moved like some serial episode & it was Diwali time, she taken leave to go home. The first ruefulness of my job life.  As i would have to take lunch with those stupid friends (you are not...yuppie ...you really not).

After she reached her home town, i tried  her number, send a plenty of sms so many times, just to hear that flabby, mood refreshing voice but not succeeded. After few days i got a Diwali greeting sms & the next message was.... my brother also reached home to celebrate with me, so can't call or receive your call... soooo sorryyyy !!!

Why bros are so villainous & why they do sting operational experiment on her own sister.I was so sad, when everyone was enjoying, cracking chataipathakhe, i was cracked in AANSHUS, sat on Diwali evening at beach, & just typed something on mobile & send to her.

Someone Somewhere counting the day

looking the calendar everyday

trying to remind you

that there is kihim

Near by seashore

where someone looking for his moon !!!













tramadol hcl


 

kindergarten snaps of Sachin Tendulkar

"6.2".............what a girl want !!!!!!

Oh dear...

I will love someone who must be 6'2". (what you were thinking with 6.2)
So whats your height?
it doesn't matter,
oh... means you need 6'2", but that guy would be a gaay (cow), who will not care yours.

Of course i am going to love her (oh she thinks herself to be priyanka chopra)..
so..
So what..
I am modern, have great dressing sense, an engineer.what else he want...

but you just want 6'2".

of course not, he shouldn't be mama's boy, he has to give me ice cream every evening & balloon surely (if he will do all these stuff,specially daily, then surely, he is mamaaa's boy). He should never forget these things.

He should look smart in kurta & denim blue jeans.

Means he is smart or not, it doesn't matter, but in kurta & specially in blue denim jeans, he must be.
No way, in genuine way, he should have better look.
Better to whom, better to kaluvitarna.
hmm,

oh its so simple, many guys you will get then, even, so many guys in chennai as well, are better than kaluvitarna.

ohhhhhhh, just go to hell.

where it is... have you gone there,
me now understand, you actually came from there, there must be dark -dark, so you want a guy in white kurta, & in blue jeans.

Oh GOD,
oh to GOD ... why?
if you type girl will get a 6'2", then what the other girls, having better height will do ..
go to helllll
Do heighten boys live in hell, then why you came back ?



























































you all are still checking, oh how stupid you all are ...
after all these, you think she will continue. the phone is disconnected. & the number you are trying is out of range.......
how much out of range..will tell u further..

tramadol hcl


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India License.

Desulphurisation of Liquid Metal (Steel)

Principle

The principle of the desulphurisation process is as follows:-

A ladle of liquid steel is transferred by car or turntable to the desulphurisation station. In this position, the ladle is covered by a hood which is designed to capture and extract the fume generated during the process, and, at the same time, minimise contact between the surface of the steel and the atmosphere.

For effective desulphurisation, the amount of slag carry-over from the furnace or convertor is minimised, and a basic synthetic slag is added to the ladle surface.

Desulphurisation is achieved by the deep injection of a mixture of elements including lime-fluorspar and calcium bearing compounds such as calcium silicide or calcium itself. These materials are injected through an immersed lance as fine powder, using argon as a carrier gas.

Sulphur dissolved in the liquid steel combines with calcium in the injected materials to form calcium sulphide, which floats up into the top slag.

The combination of the reaction between sulphur in the liquid steel and both the injected materials and the top slag is effective in producing extremely low residual sulphur levels of less than 10 ppm.

To achieve good results, the steel must be fully killed, with very low residual oxygen levels. The top slag must be within a fairly narrow compositional range, with very low levels of reducible oxides such as FeO, MnO and P₂O₅.
Process

The furnace or convertor slag is held back during tapping, as far as possible, or removed by deslagging after tap. The residual tapping slag is treated with aluminium pellets to reduce any remaining reducible oxides.

Synthetic slag is added to bring the top slag composition within the required range for effective desulphurisation.

The ladle is located in the treatment station, and then sealed as far as possible by a ladle cover. The ladle cover serves two functions, the first being to capture and remove fume generated during the process. The fume is removed by a duct which connects the ladle cover to a fabric filter duct cleaning unit. The second function of the ladle cover is to minimise atmospheric contact with the surface of the steel, which would cause oxidation and nitrogen pick up. For this reason, the ladle cover design is relatively sophisticated.

Fluxing of the ladle top slag is done by argon stirring, either by top lance or bottom porous plug. When the top slag is in the required condition, desulphurisation by injection begins.

A lime-fluospar mixture, which may be prefused, is injected into the steel through an immersed lance. Argon is used as a carrier gas. To increase the effectiveness, the lance tip is close to the bottom of the ladle. Calcium compounds are also injected, either in combination with lime-spar (co-injection) or separately (mono or sequential injection).

The amount of reagent injected is obviously dependant on the initial sulphur level and final required level. Calcium is also used to modify the shape of the remaining sulphides.

Both the total amount and the rate of injection are predetermined and controlled.

At the end of the injection, the lance is automatically retracted, and a sample is taken. The ladle cover is then raised and the ladle removed.

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Effects of Carbon content

T 20 world cup

 

India

was first winner of T-20 World cup, but in second T-20 world cup he at list on enter in semi final because of over confidence, let’s forget all ICC announced the schedule of T20 World Cup 2010 schedule which will be held in West Indies in April, 2010.
Group A:
Pakistan, Bangladesh & Australia
Group B:
Srilanka, New Zealand & Zimbabwe
Group C:
India, South Africa & Afganistan
Group D:
West Indies, England and Ireland

Date	Match Details	Time		Venue
		GMT	IST		Ground	City
Apr 30 – Fri	Sri Lanka v New Zealand, 1st Match, Group B	17:00	22:30		Providence Stadium	Providence, Guyana
Apr 30 – Fri	West Indies v Ireland, 2nd Match, Group D	21:00	02:30 (next day)		Providence Stadium	Providence, Guyana
May 01 – Sat	India v Afghanistan, 3rd Match, Group C	13:30	19:00		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 01 – Sat	Pakistan v Bangladesh, 4th Match, Group A	17:30	23:00		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 02 – Sun	South Africa v India, 5th Match, Group C	13:30	19:00		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 02 – Sun	Pakistan v Australia, 6th Match, Group A	17:30	23:00		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 03 – Mon	Sri Lanka v Zimbabwe, 7th Match, Group B	13:30	19:00		Providence Stadium	Providence, Guyana
May 03 – Mon	West Indies v England, 8th Match, Group D	17:30	23:00		Providence Stadium	Providence, Guyana
May 04 – Tue	New Zealand v Zimbabwe, 9th Match, Group B	13:30	19:00		Providence Stadium	Providence, Guyana
May 04 – Tue	England v Ireland, 10th Match, Group D	17:30	23:00		Providence Stadium	Providence, Guyana
May 05 – Wed	Bangladesh v Australia, 11th Match, Group A	13:30	19:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 05 – Wed	South Africa v Afghanistan, 12th Match, Group C	17:30	23:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 06 – Thu	A1 v D2, 13th Match	13:30	19:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 06 – Thu	C1 v B2, 14th Match	17:30	23:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 07 – Fri	A2 v C2, 15th Match	13:30	19:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 07 – Fri	B1 v D1, 16th Match	17:30	23:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 08 – Sat	C1 v D2, 17th Match	13:30	19:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 08 – Sat	A1 v B2, 18th Match	17:30	23:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 09 – Sun	C2 v D1, 19th Match	13:30	19:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 09 – Sun	B1 v A2, 20th Match	17:30	23:00		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados
May 10 – Mon	B2 v D2, 21st Match	13:30	19:00		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 10 – Mon	A1 v C1, 22nd Match	17:17	22:47		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 11 – Tue	B1 v C2, 23rd Match	17:00	22:30		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 11 – Tue	D1 v A2, 24th Match	21:00	02:30 (next day)		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 13 – Thu	1st Semi-Final	15:30	21:00		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 14 – Fri	2nd Semi-Final	15:30	21:00		Beausejour Cricket Ground	Gros Islet, St Lucia
May 16 – Sun	Final	15:00	20:30		Kensington Oval	Bridgetown, Barbados

Physical properties of Casting Flux & Casting Slag

The mechanism involved in slag formation & lubrication are such that there are two sets of behavioral characteristic to consider,
- Slag formation from the powder : relevant properties include rate of heat transfer, melting rate, bulk density.

- Behavior of liquid slag & slag rim : relevant properties include here viscosity, Al2O3 absorption capacity, thermal conductivity & fusion & softening point.

Carbon is added to to the flux in order to control its fusion point, whereas graphite, lampblack or coke dust added just for envelop work as these are not soluble in slag thus work as insulator from atmosphere.

The behavior of liquid flux slag is largely depend upon its oxidic composition because as the basicity increases so do the melting point.

The viscosity of liquid slag is decisive influence on its lubricant behavior. For slags formed from continuous casting flux, should lie in the range of 0.10 to 0.18 pa. at 1300 deg. celcius. In the case of good casting flux, the viscosity hardly varies in the range of 1500 to 1100 deg celcius temp. As the Al2O3 pick up increases viscosity increases upto varying extent & thus risk of casting speed.

Viscosity is a property of a liquid and is defined as the resistance of a liquid to flow.As the temperature of the liquid rises, the viscosity of the liquid goes down. As the temperature of the liquid goes down, the viscosity of the liquid goes up.

U may also like : 
Reduction  of Slivers DueTo Nonmetallic Inclusions inContinuous Casting 
Erosion  of SEN 
Tundish  preparation for casting.. 
Tundish  Systems 
Mold  oscillation

 tramadol hcl


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 India License.